7 Steps For Gaining Instructional Control in Applied Behavior Analysis

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hi my name is Lauren Haley and I'm a Board Certified Behavior Analyst with
Brett DiNovi and Associates in today's video we're going to discuss the seven
steps for earning instructional control the purpose of this video is to briefly
review each step to inform programming for individuals receiving behavior
analytic services the information provided in this video can be found in
the seven steps for earning instructional control by Robert Schramm with
Megan Miller the content in this video relate to the bacb fourth addition task
list items d1 the use of positive reinforcement d 18 the use of extinction
and E 1 which is the use of interventions based on manipulations of
antecedents such as motivating operations and discriminative stimuli
TIF again let's review one instructional control is as defined by Robert SRAM
instructional control is the likelihood that an instruction will lead to a
desired response that is if a therapists teacher parent or other adult is said to
have good instructional control with a learner that learner will be likely to
comply with any instruction that adult gives instructional control is measured
by recording independent responses to discriminated demands important factors
to consider when assessing instructional control is the rate of skill acquisition
and the level of independence they demonstrate when given a demands by an
adult the desire for increased instructional control is not one that is
specific to the work being done with children diagnosed with autism spectrum
disorder teachers therapeutic service providers parents and others can all
benefit from the implementation of a systematic approach to establishing
instructional control with the children in their lives when implemented with
fidelity it is posited that the seven steps for earning instructional control
can be used as an alternative to the practice of escape extinction within the
field of applied behavior analysis to review escaped extinction is defined by
Cooper Herron and Heward at the process by which behaviors that were maintained
by negative reinforcement no longer result in the termination of the
aversive stimulus that is omitting the target behavior does not enable the
individual to escape the aversive situation as it previously did a side
effect of any extinction procedure is the production of an extinction burst or
the phenomenon in which the targeted behavior gets worse before it gets
better in an extinction burst the behavior
occurs at a higher frequency and with higher intensity that had previously
been recorded it is also likely the variability and problem behavior will
arise and the individual whose behavior has been placed on extinction will try
other behaviors to achieve the same result
some other problems associated with traditional escaped extinction include
the potential to establish the learning environment as an aversive stimulus as
well as a lack of willingness on the part of parents or teachers to implement
the procedure consistently and with fidelity although there are yet to be
comparative studies done to assess the efficacy of using the seven steps over
traditional escaped extinction data collection on the use of the seven steps
has made in an intervention worth exploring to avoid the aforementioned
extinction burst as well as when more traditional methods of compliance
training have failed or are not possible to implement now that we've covered the
basics of escape extinction and instructional control let's review the
seven steps themselves step 1 reinforcement control this step involves
showing the learner that you are in control of all preferred items that they
may want and that you will be the one who decides when and for how long they
have access to those items in order to implement this step you must be able to
consistently restrict access to reinforcement this means removing all
reinforcing items from the environment and placing them someplace where the
learner is not able to access them that can see it this might mean keeping the
items in clear and or locked containers or on a shelf out of reach step 2
pairing with reinforcement as defined by SRAM pairing is a behavior principle
that states when two items or activities are consistently experienced together
the perceived value of one will influence the perceived value of the
other step two means showing the learner that your fun make each interaction
enjoyable the goal of pairing is to establish yourself as a reinforcer along
with the learners current reinforcer repertoire SRAM recommends pairing
approximately 75 percent of interactions with your learner for example if it
takes your learner 15 seconds to complete three demands
you should then spend the next 45 seconds providing reinforcement while
pairing it is also important that you speak in declarative sentences rather
than inadvertently giving demands this means avoiding
a man such as look at this or your turn and saying things that are declarative
in nature such as wow this is fun or you're good at that a key part of the
pairing process means that anytime the learner is engaged in a reinforcing
activity you have to be part of it during teaching time the learner may not
be permitted to play with the reinforcing items in your absence if
they attempt to leave the instructional area or insist on your absence you
should remove access to the item as in step one this will teach your learner
that they can either not play with their preferred items or they can play with it
in the teaching area with you step 3 always be consistent and follow through
this means saying what you mean in doing what you say you're going to do the main
element of this stuff is that if you give an instruction to a learner do not
allow access to reinforcement until he or she complies with the demand when
providing an instruction or discriminative stimulus to the learner
it is important to word it as a demand rather than a question you may prompt
the completion when appropriate during this step however if the learner refuses
you should stop prompting to avoid utilizing escaped extinction we want our
learners to comply because they want to learn
not because we're forcing them if your learner is not complying ignore
inappropriate behaviors and instead engage yourself with the preferred
activity when your learner shows interests you can then restate your
demand and let them know that the reinforcing activity will be available
after they are done complying step 4 focus on positive rather than negative
reinforcement this involves demonstrating to your learner the
following your directions is the best way to get what he or she wants as
opposed to it being a way to escape from the instructional setting it's important
to initially provide the child with easy and fun demands that way they can access
reinforcement frequently this may include demands such as sit down and
play with your toy for directions to complete master learning items this step
also involves catching your learner being good if they are sitting quietly
following expectations provide surprise access to reinforcement paired with
behavior specific positive praise step 5 continuous reinforcement - expanding
ratio of reinforcement essentially this step can be described as providing
reinforcement every time the appropriate behavior occurs during the acquisition
phase of gaining compliance and fading to intermittent reinforcement during the
maintenance phase for example if you're doing a task where your learner has to
sit for an extended period of time you may start by reinforcing every 30
seconds of seated behavior as the learner stamina for sitting improves you
may systematically increase the time between periods of reinforcement step 6
prioritize yourself and your learner Schramm defines us as being able to
demonstrate that you know the child's priorities as well as you know your own
this involves understanding where different preferred items fall in
relation to one another as reinforcers and utilizing differential reinforcement
to fade prompts this step also involved you knowing what you're teaching
priorities are and providing reinforcement based on that for example
if the goal of your program is to increase articulation for a learner who
already has generalized Mane's you may choose not to provide reinforcement to a
learner requesting a cuckoo as opposed to a cookie however if you're teaching
an early learner how demand and cuckoo is the best response you've gotten so
far you will likely reinforce that response by giving the learner a cookie
to develop a man-thing repertoire step 7 handling negative behavior with
extinction according to SRAM this step involves teaching the learner that
ignoring your instructions or omitting an inappropriate behavior will not
result in access to reinforcement if you're already engaging in a preferred
activity with your learner immediately remove the reinforcing items as well as
your attention you may engage yourself with the fun activity or with other
students if they are available at this time
block the learners access to other forms of reinforcement when the learner stops
engaging in the problem behavior or complies with your demand you may then
reintroduce your reinforcement and provide attention to that learner the
distinction between this and escaped extinction is that while you are
withholding opportunities for reinforcement you are not simultaneously
prompting compliance through response blocking or the repetition of the demand
thank you for watching this review of the seven steps of earning instructional
control by Robert REM more comprehensive information can be found in the book of
the same name as reference throughout this video
please leave your questions or your own experience with these steps in the
comment section below you

Transfer of Stimulus Control│Verbal Behavior│ABA Video Modeling Autism Behavior Analysis Teaching Strategy Practical Functional Assessment│IISCA│Dr. Greg Hanley Top 4 Antecedent-Based ABA Self-Management Strategies What Is A Behavioral Cusp? Applied Behavior Analysis Training Series Concurrent Schedules of Reinforcement│By A Board Certified Behavior Analyst 7 Dimensions of Applied Behavior Analysis Analyzing Verbal Behavior│ACT & The Hexaflex Stimulus Equivalence | Behavior Analysis | Reflexivity Symmetry Transivity Is Praise A Generalized Conditioned Reinforcer?

7 Steps For Gaining Instructional Control in Applied Behavior Analysis

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