MOOC WHAW2.3x | 13.4 The State Steps In

click to begin

Youtube

- Within the context of questions about who should work
and how they should work, government policymakers
turned to the issue of how to deal
with the difficulties imposed by the Depression.
Unemployment meant that many people were losing their homes,
being evicted from housing and having to scavenge for food.
Farmers abandoned land to bankers who held mortgages.
Mothers and their children lived from hand to mouth
searching for food and sustenance where they could.
The early relief programs of the 1930s
were generally run by local municipalities and states,
and by the charities that were completely overwhelmed.
But, very soon, the federal government began to step in.
The National Industrial Recovery Act,
signed into law in 1933, allowed industrialists
to band together to divide up and rationalize
the production of goods.
The act provided for codes developed by industrial groups,
but it's infamous Section 7A also demanded
that each group include representatives of workers.
Together, these groups would determine a minimum wage
for a particular job down to the last detail
of how much should be paid for a particular task
that took a measured amount of time.
NIRA codes also established rules
for how workers might be treated on the job.
Let's pass over, for the moment, the fact
that without apology, the codes set prices
that differed for men and women
and it ensured that women's jobs paid less
than those done by men.
Instead, we note that the establishment
of committees required workers to choose representatives.
In the eyes of many people, that opened the door
to unionization.
"The president wants you to join a union"
became a powerful new organizing weapon.
The Supreme Court declared NRA codes
and the National Industrial Recovery Act unconstitutional
about a year after they had been passed by Congress.
A parallel act, the Agricultural Adjustment Act,
which tried to make some of the same arrangements
for rural areas, was also declared unconstitutional.
But, the union campaign continued,
ultimately organizing millions of unhappy working people
under the banner of the American Federation of Labor,
and then under its more inclusionary offspring
the Congress of Industrial Organizations.
Women, as well as men, flooded into these unions,
often into segregated female locals
and protected by new legislation that gave workers
the right to organize.
Within less than seven years, union membership climbed
from fewer than three million
to more than nine million workers.
And industrial unionism meant that women
and African Americans could organize as well.
Because the federal government imagined men
and women serving different labor market functions,
it continued to treat men and women differently
in the relief programs it set up
by establishing programs to put young people to work
on environmental projects.
The Civilian Conservation Corps sent urban,
mostly young men, out into rural areas
to preserve them and to make them more accessible
to wider publics.
The camps set up by the Civilian Conservation Corps
generally excluded women and it was only later,
under the pressure of women advocates,
most notably Hilda Smith, that a few women's camps opened.
Here's a photograph of Eleanor Roosevelt visiting
one of what became known as the She-She-She
instead of CCC camps.
This one is for unemployed women in Upstate New York.

CITIZEN TV LIVE MOOC WHAW2.3x | 11.1 Challenges to Marriage in the 1920s with Nancy Cott | Towards Equality MOOC WHAW2.3x | 11.3 Women's Political Participation with Nick Juravich | Towards Equality MOOC WHAW2.3x | 11.1 Setting the Stage for Modernity: Marriage and Feminism | Towards Equality MOOC WHAW2.3x | 11.4 The Social Consequences of the Vote | Towards Equality Wrapping Up Earnings Season – Day Trading Live, Stock Market News & Trading Options! We Go Back to School and Join a Beginner's Strings Class I Went Back To 1st Grade For A Day Conan & Nick Kroll Teach A Sex Ed Class 북미정상회담 결렬! 허경영이 말하는 김정은의 운명, 올해 2019년 6월이 고비라고!?

MOOC WHAW2.3x | 13.4 The State Steps In

Latest Posts